Smart trucks

Trucks lorries transportationThe Economist science and technology blog “Babbage” ran an article on the development of new technologies being developed for the long haul trucking industry.  A company in South Carolina called Smart Truck has designed a system that draws in air from under the trailer of a truck and uses it to create airflow in the rear of the truck. This makes the trucks more aerodynamic and saves fuel.

Click here for the full article.

In the US large 18-wheel trucks carry most of the nation’s freight using a tractor unit where the driver sits and a trailer. The terms “tractor-trailer” semi-trailer” or just “semi” is used to describe the 1.3 million of these trucks that travel the nation’s highways. The Economist story reminds us that terminology is essential in understanding the basics of these systems. A “truck” in the US is a “lorry” in Britain and Australia. Semi-trailers are “articulated lorries” in Britain in the Commonwealth.

New bridge materials

A prefab bridgeA new variety of materials and technologies are becoming widely available for bridge construction. Recycled materials have been used in bridges for thousands of years (Ancient-era building materials were used in new bridge construction throughout the Middle Ages, for instance). But, today recycled materials, even plastics, are being used in structures with combinations of composites, hybrid metal and wire supports and a variety of high-strength, low cost materials. This link will take you to a recorded presentation on fiber-reinforced polymers in road and bridge construction. (It requires Adobe Connect, a free plug-in for your browser.)

Top five books

book reviewsIt is always difficult to come up with a top five list of almost anything but I will try to create top five reading lists covering the books on each category in infrastructures. This first list covers the introductory materials, the most basic books on infrastructures, the systems and technologies of the structures of civilization. This list isn’t meant to create argument or controversy (not that lists of books about infrastructure are the subject of too many violent confrontations) but rather act as a guide to getting your feet wet, so to speak.

The Works: Anatomy of the City, by Kate Ascher digs deep into the guts of New York City using clearly written text, pictures, maps and other graphic descriptions of structures and processes that keep New York City running. The Works is also written for designers and architects. Ascher uses descriptions to identify the sometimes dense graphics and drawings and then uses information graphics and maps to illustrate some of the more unique concepts found in the infrastructures of one of the worlds largest and busiest cities. While the book is mainly about New York the systems described here are found everywhere. By using the term anatomy she clearly and accurately describes the way the book dissects a major city. It is a wonderful book that you can turn back to over and over again, digging into its examples and unearthing wonderful resources.

Too Big to Fall: America’s Failing Infrastructure and the Way Forward, by Barry LePatner is it a polemic, part rant and part reasoned argument about the difficulty facing many communities with deteriorating infrastructure. Whether you agree with his arguments is almost beside the point. Too big to fall is an excellent book underlining the need for infrastructure improvement, maintenance and investment not just in bridges and roads but across the spectrum. LePatner makes a compelling argument for how the United States transportation network has become a liability to ongoing transportation and commercial activity because of the many failures and structural problems caused by lack of investment and long-term neglect. The book dwells on the neglect and bad planning but also does a very good job of explaining the road networks, bridges and structural systems that make up transportation infrastructure. The books material argument is a solid case and LePatner cites legal and design engineering evidence in a powerful set of examples that will lead you to draw conclusion that this is a major problem which is not going to go away anytime soon.

Infrastructures: A Field Guide is one of the best general books on the subject. It has a broad coverage and is well written. Infrastructure is a glossy, general book on the different technologies and systems that make up modern infrastructure. Written by Brian Hayes Infrastructure is a field guide to industrial and modern technological landscapes. One of its striking features are the wonderful photographs of one or two on every page of infrastructure systems, industrial sites, cities and the landscapes created by infrastructure developments. Hayes writes clear descriptions of the systems that keep the modern world running, including energy production, shipping, transportation, agriculture  and the various varied methods of managing the waste we create.

The Landscape of Contemporary Infrastructure, by Shannon and Smets,investigates how design determines the organization and flow of the infrastructures in cities and towns. The design and organization for structure features, the placement of structures and the use of the systems over time contributes to the character of cities. These issues are explored in four dense chapters that lay out the different approaches by different designers and architects. Each chapter outlines projects from some of the world’s important designer/developers including Arata Isozaki, Paul Andreu, Xaveer De Geyter, Jean Nouvel and Ricardo Bofill. The book is a textbook and suffers from some fairly dense prose, but it is one of the best new books on urban design and the problems of development that confront modern infrastructure.

Engineering the City: How Infrastructure Works by Levy and Panchyk, might strike some people as a children’s book but it is actually an excellent introduction to the different systems and structures that are required for human civilization. beginning with water and land use the authors use simple line drawings, creative descriptions, examples and cogent prose to unravel the many different systems and structures required to create cities and keep them running.

In no way is this meant to be a definitive list of the only books that cover infrastructure in a general way. These are, in my opinion, the best books to get you started in understanding the issues and problems of modern infrastructure.

Air transport

2010 marked the 100th year that regular air passenger service began, but it was not with airplanes. Airships– engineered, powered aircraft– are not balloons but they do use an inflated container (envelope) to gain lift. There is new research and interest in airships for use in heavy lift/container transport, military applications like long-term reconnaissance and new possibilities for passenger service.

Air transport systems today consist of ground facilities like airports and the control systems used to track, communicate with and manage air traffic . Civilian and military air transport systems are used in every country on the planet and connects the world’s population together in a web of fast moving connections that facilitate travel and trade. The advent of jet engines and pressure controlled cabins made safe, quick transport possible. But this fast-moving aspect of air transport has its problems. It allows the spread of dangerous diseases, creates extra channels for smuggling and can be hijacked by criminals and terrorists.

Air transportation also proved to be a fertile ground for information technology development. Early ticket sales and traffic management was done with limited technology and looked similar in function and form to train ticketing and scheduling. A chance meeting between IBM salesman, Blair Smith, and American Airlines president C. R. Smith on a flight in 1953 helped spur development of electronic ticket sales and information management using then new computer technologies.

Related links:

Military Air Transport, an early history.